Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Innovation in IT
2026/03/31, Volume 14, Issue 1, pp.413-422

Graphene Oxide Synthesis and Characterization: Oxidation Effects on Structure and Stability


Yousra Ali Hussein, Jasim Mohammed Alzanganawee, Nabeel Ali Bakr and Bassam M. Abood


Abstract: The aims of this study to produce graphene oxide (GO) with a modified Hummers' technique with oxidation durations of 8, 10, and 12 hur. XRD analyses revealed unique diffraction peaks consistent with the layered structure of GO. After 8 hur, two peaks appeared. One was at 2θ, corresponding to 11.1° and associated with the (001) plane. At 10 hur, peak were seen at 2θ = 10.3° (001), and after 12 hur, the peak shrank to 2θ = 8.1° (001) with d = 1.08 nm. Meanwhile, the peaks at 26.48° (002) and 31.05° (100) were relatively lower. FTIR studies revealed the presence of functional groups (O–H, C=O, C–O–C, and COOH). These groups became increasingly evident as the oxidation process proceeded for a prolonged period. The sheets were thin and distorted in FESEM/EDS images, and the amount of oxygen relative to carbon increased over time. TGA data show that sample B lost 84% of its weight at 500 °C, while sample A lost 83% of its weight at the same temperature. These samples were prepared in advance. Sample C, prepared over 12 hur, lost the least weight (47%), despite its prolonged oxidation. On the other hand, ZetaP experiments showed that the colloidal solutions of the prepared samples were stable (-35 to -52 mV). The sample prepared after 10 hours had an ideal balance between strength and oxidation.

Keywords: Graphene Oxide (GO); Modified Hummers Oxidation Time; Structural Characterization.

DOI: Under indexing

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