Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Innovation in IT
2026/03/31, Volume 14, Issue 1, pp.529-538

Structural and Magnetic Analysis of Magnesium-Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Produced by Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion


Zahraa Jabbar Hamakhan, Fatma Yaseen Mohamed, Rudainah Sedeeq Abdul Sttar and Jasim Mohamed Al-Khalidi


Abstract: The research examines the impact of various temperatures on the micro and nano structures in addition to the magnetic characteristics of MgFe2O4 spinel ferrite that was produced by the sol-gel auto-ignition process. The temperatures tested were 250℃ (as burnt), 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C. The produced ferrite's structure and magnetic characteristics were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). According to XRD patterns, the produced system contains a cubic phase of spinel MgFe2O4, belonging to the space group Fd3m. Depending on Tc, the crystallite sizes grew in the range of (33.438-58.715) nm when the calcination temperature rose. Then , the calculated lattice parameters are a= (8.364, 8.387, 8.374, 8.381, and 8.381 Å ) at Tc=as burnt, 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C, respectively. However, the mean strain values decreased from 3.646 to 2.070. Also, dislocation density (δ) decreased with increasing temperature from 8.943 to 2.900 nm-2. Analysis using FESEM reported that the average grain size of all the calcined samples increased with increasing calcination temperature with an average grain size around (59.426-128.254) nm. Elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy has also shown that all samples include Mg, Fe, and O. At ambient temperature, VSM detected a significant proportion of superparamagnetic particles; samples calcined at 800 °C and 900 °C exhibited pure superparamagnetic behavior with Hc=0, saturation magnetization’s value decreased from 24.862 to 23.834 emu/g when increasing temperature from 250 to 600⸰C, after that increased at other temperatures. Remnant magnetization increased with increasing calcination temperature in the range of (0.026-5.181)emu/g.

Keywords: Magnesium Ferrite, Sol-Gel Auto Combustion Method, XRD, FESEM, VSM, Superparamagnetic Behavior.

DOI: Under indexing

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