Trace Element Risk Assessment in Medicinal Herbal Oils

Taif Muayad Jaleel and Muhanad Alrakabi

References:

1. H. S. Kim, B.-H. Seo, J.-S. Bae, W.-I. Kim, G. Owens, and K.-R. Kim, “An integrated approach to safer plant production on metal contaminated soils using species selection and chemical immobilization,” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., vol. 131, pp. 89-95, 2016.
2. A. N. Jasima, Z. G. Hussiena, H. F. Abd-Alrazackb, and M. A. Majidc, “Estimation of the total amounts of manganese ions in some of the medicinal plants leaves using flow injection technique combined with photometric detection method,” Commun., 2022.
3. A. Maiga, D. Diallo, R. Bye, and B. S. Paulsen, “Determination of some toxic and essential metal ions in medicinal and edible plants from Mali,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 2316-2321, 2005.
4. L. Luo et al., “Detection and risk assessments of multi-pesticides in 1771 cultivated herbal medicines by LC/MS-MS and GC/MS-MS,” Chemosphere, vol. 262, p. 127477, 2021.
5. O. Awodele, T. Popoola, K. Amadi, H. Coker, and A. Akintonwa, “Traditional medicinal plants in Nigeria—Remedies or risks,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 150, no. 2, pp. 614-618, 2013.
6. J. Singh and A. S. Kalamdhad, “Effects of heavy metals on soil, plants, human health and aquatic life,” Int. J. Res. Chem. Environ., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 15-21, 2011.
7. R. Dghaim, S. Al Khatib, H. Rasool, and M. Ali Khan, “Determination of heavy metals concentration in traditional herbs commonly consumed in the United Arab Emirates,” J. Environ. Public Health, vol. 2015, no. 1, p. 973878, 2015.
8. S. Lorenz, R. Hamon, S. McGrath, P. E. Holm, and T. H. Christensen, “Applications of fertilizer cations affect cadmium and zinc concentrations in soil solutions and uptake by plants,” Eur. J. Soil Sci., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 159-165, 1994.
9. I. T. Al-Alawy, H. J. Nasser, and O. A. Mzher, “Natural radionuclide activity concentrations and radiological hazard in tea, coffee, wheat flour, and powder milk consumed in Iraqi markets,” in AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2213, no. 1, New York, USA: AIP Publishing LLC, 2020, p. 020225.
10. M. H. Kheder, “Measurement of radon concentration using SSNTD in Bartella region,” Al-Mustansiriyah J. Sci., vol. 29, no. 4, p. 110, 2019.
11. D. Bakircioglu, N. Topraksever, S. Yurtsever, and Y. B. Kurtulus, “ICP-OES determination of some trace elements in herbal oils using a three-phase emulsion method and comparison with conventional methods,” At. Spectrosc., vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 38-45, 2018.
12. A. Szydłowska-Czerniak, K. Trokowski, G. R. Karlovits, and E. Szłyk, “Spectroscopic determination of metals in palm oils from different stages of the technological process,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 2276-2283, 2013.
13. L. Luo et al., “Heavy metal contaminations in herbal medicines: Determination, comprehensive risk assessments, and solutions,” Front. Pharmacol., vol. 11, p. 595335, 2021.
14. D. G. Barnes et al., “Reference dose (RfD): Description and use in health risk assessments,” Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 471-486, 1988.
15. K. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu and N. C. Chioma, “Evaluation of heavy metals content and human health risk assessment via consumption of vegetables from selected markets in Bayelsa State, Nigeria,” Biochem. Anal. Biochem., vol. 6, no. 332, pp. 2161-1009.1000332, 2017.
16. J. K. Nduka, H. I. Kelle, and E. C. Ogoko, “Hazards and risk assessment of heavy metals from consumption of locally manufactured painkiller drugs in Nigeria,” Toxicol. Rep., vol. 7, pp. 1066-1074, 2020.
17. S. Giri and V. Jha, “Risk assessment (chemical and radiological) due to intake of uranium through the ingestion of drinking water around two proposed uranium mining areas, Jharkhand, India,” Radioprotection, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 543-551, 2012.
18. R. Sawut et al., “Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the vegetable bases of northwest China,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 642, pp. 864-878, 2018.
19. C. R. Assessment, Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, 1999.