This study proposes a multimodal optimization model to distribute freight flows across major logistics centers in Uzbekistan’s Fergana Valley and to quantify potential reductions in transport cost and transit time. The baseline set of logistics centers, their classifications, and nominal throughput capacities are defined using the official transport-logistics centers registry to ensure transparent and verifiable node parameters. To reflect operational realism beyond nominal annual capacity, the model supports terminal capacity constraints that can be extended to multiple resources, motivated by publicly reported daily processing capacity and service-segment information for the Andijan logistics center. The institutional and planning relevance of logistics center development is aligned with the official sector communication, which supports the applicability of the model outputs for regional logistics planning and infrastructure improvement. A capacity-constrained network flow formulation allocates directional commodity demands to feasible road–rail paths with handling at logistics centers, minimizing generalized logistics cost that combines transport cost, terminal handling cost, and time-based penalties. Scenario structures represent domestic distribution and export-oriented corridor options, enabling comparative analysis of bottlenecks, terminal utilization, and sensitivity to corridor and terminal constraints. The model outputs provide a structured basis for estimating time savings and cost reductions once empirical origin–destination freight matrices are integrated, and for prioritizing terminal upgrades and operational coordination measures that improve system feasibility and service quality.