Coal-dependent economies increasingly face a policy dilemma: ambitious carbon neutrality commitments coexist with continued expansion of coal-fired power generation. Quantitative approaches for measuring the consistency between climate commitments and actual energy policy remain limited. This study develops a novel Climate-Energy Policy Inconsistency Index (CEPII) and applies it to Kazakhstan, where the national carbon neutrality target coexists with a large-scale coal expansion program. The proposed framework combines structured policy analysis, scenario-based estimation of CO₂ emissions and carbon costs, and cross-country comparative assessment. The results indicate that the planned expansion would generate 19.5-33.3 Mt CO₂ annually, representing approximately 7-8% of Kazakhstan's current greenhouse gas emissions. At the current domestic carbon price, annual carbon costs remain negligible compared with those under the EU Emissions Trading System, explaining the continued economic attractiveness of coal investment. Cross-country comparison further demonstrates that Kazakhstan exhibits the highest level of climate-energy policy inconsistency among the selected coal-dependent economies, primarily due to the combination of ambitious climate commitments and weak carbon pricing. The proposed framework offers a reproducible analytical tool for evaluating policy coherence and supports the design of carbon pricing and energy transition policies in coal-dependent economies.