Proceedings of International Conference on Applied Innovation in IT
2026/03/31, Volume 14, Issue 1, pp.641-649

Data-Driven Gas Sensing Analysis of Tin-Modified Cadmium Sulfide Thin Films


Nadir Fadhil Habubi, Saadi Abdulrazaq Abdul Wahab, Muna Ahmed Issa, Sami Salman Chiad and Yassin Hasan Kadhim


Abstract: This study investigates the effect of increasing the x value in CdS(1-x):Snx on the physical properties of nanostructured thin films synthesized via Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). Thin films with (x=0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) were deposited on glass substrates under optimized conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a cubic zinc-blende structure in all samples, with increasing x leading to larger crystallite size and reduced dislocation density and strain. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that increasing x altered surface morphology, reducing grain size and surface roughness, indicating improved uniformity. Optical analysis revealed decreased transmittance and increased absorbance with a higher x value. The optical band gap narrowed from 2.87 eV (x=0.1) to 2.73 eV (x=0.5), due to the creation of localized energy states. Additionally, both the extinction coefficient and refractive index declined with increasing x. These results confirm that increasing x in (CdS(1-x):Snx ) effectively modifies the studied characteristics of the films. Resistance in CdS(1-x):Snx films rises with NO₂ exposure due to surface oxidation. Increasing x in CdS(1-x):Snx films reduces NO₂ sensitivity.

Keywords: Cds, Sn, PLD, Thin Film, AFM, Bandgap.

DOI: Under indexing

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