Integrating Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into education has revolutionized the advancement and accessibility of e-learning in the modern educational landscape. However, poor infrastructure presents significant challenges for traditional e-learning, particularly in resource-limited areas like Iraq. This paper explores the role of cloud computing in overcoming these challenges and improving e-learning systems, focusing on the University of Diyala as a case study. A framework for a cloud-based e-learning platform architecture is proposed, based on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS) models, to provide scalable, cost-effective, and secure solutions. Blockchain technology and lightweight cryptography are incorporated into this framework to enhance transparency and security further. The integrated framework consists of several components, such as centralized cloud storage, virtual classrooms, and a Learning Management System (LMS), all supported by strong security protocols and adaptive resource allocation strategies. This research helps enhance e-learning systems in developing countries with a directional pathway for institutions that want to embrace digital transformation in education.